• commanded left wing (place of high honor) at Chaironeia
• appointed to return ashes of fallen Athenians to Athens

• marriage of Philip to Cleopatra (niece of Attalus) sours relations between Philip and Alexander;
• subsequent birth of son makes Alexander's position as heir apparent tenuous;
• Olympias in exile in Epirus;
• Alexander in exile in Illyria;

• midsummer: Philip killed by Pausanias during wedding feast of daughter of Cleopatra to Olympias' son;
• at this festival Philip presented himself as 13th god
• Alexander proclaimed king by Antipater and army

Fall

Spring:

• campaign against the Triballians (stories about the wagons);
• pushes northern border of Macedon to the Danube river;
• rumors of Alexander's death sweep through Greece;
• destruction of Thebes (Pindar's house and temples are only things spared);

October:

• returns to Macedon to prepare army for Eastern campaign

Spring:

• crosses Dardanalles with 12,000 Mac foot, 1,800 Mac horse, 7,000 Greek foot, 800 Thessalian horse (elite corps), 5,000 Greek mercenaries, 600 Greek horse, 160 Greek triremes,? Cretan archers, and levies from Macedonian districts left behind in Macedon with Antipater;
• Alexander accompanied by Parmenion (Philip's favorite general); other important commanders: Nikanor, Craterus, Perdiccas, Clieitus "the Black;" had 70 Talents (T) treasury and owed 1,300 T to Delphi; expenses for army's pay = 200 T/month, for fleet = 100 T/month

Summer:

• Summer: battle at Granicus river; Alexander almost killed but saved by Cleitus "the Black;" advances through Ionia, liberating the Greek cities; moves into Caria and welcomed by Queen Ada who adopts him as her son

Winter:

• sends newly married men home on furlough; campaigns in mountains of Lycia

Spring:

• "cuts the Gordion knot;"
• catches a fever and warned about Philippus' attempt to poison him

Summer:

• moves into Cilicia

October:

• battle in Issus plain; Darius flees in his chariot
• Alexander captures Darius' chariot, bow and tent and gets his first taste of Oriental luxury
• treats Darius' mother, wife and daughters with great kindness
  • "The two men were both dressed alike, but Hephaistion was taller and more handsome. Sisygambris [Darius= mother] took him for the king and prostrated herself before him. The others present signaled to her and pointed to Alexander; embarrassed at her own ignorance, she began to prostrate herself again, before Alexander this time, but he cut in and said, ANever mind, mother; for he is Alexander too.@ By thus addressing the old woman as AMother,@ with this most beneficent of salutations he signaled to those unlucky women the benefactions that were to come." (Diodoros 17.37.5-6)

• Alexander goes to Phoenicia which results in ruination of Persian fleet
• Parmenion takes Damascus and Darius' war chest;
• Alexander receives letter from Darius;
• Alexander to Byblos and Sidon

Summer:

• siege of Tyre; Alexander takes Tyre in July
• Darius offers 10,OOO T as ransom for family + daughter in marriage + everything west of Euphrates
• Parmenion advises Alexander to accept; Alexander rejects--first sign of rift between Alexander and old Macedonians

November:

• Alexander arrives in Egypt; Alexander welcomed by Egyptian people as saviour and proclaimed Pharaoh at Memphis
• founds Alexandria (architect was Deinocrates)
• goes to oasis at Siwa to consult oracle of Ammon
• appoints 2 native governors of Egypt and has taxes collected directly by locals

Spring:

• Parmenion bridges Euphrates at Thrapsacus then meet Darius and newly levied force at Gaugamela

1 October:

• Battle at Gaugamela
• Alexander has 40,000 foot and 7,000 horse to meet unknown number of Persians
• Persian force is not well trained and thus depends on scythed chariots; Darius flees again and Alexander wins battle with difficulty

Winter:

• Alexander to Babylon where he appoints a Persian (Mazaeus) satrap and restores old customs which had been outlawed by Xerxes
• Alexander to Persepolis (capture of Susa, Pasargadae and Persepolis nets ca. 130,OOO T + great deal of booty) where he burns Xerxes' palace -- sign that Achaemenid rule is over

Spring:

• Alexander to Ecbatana and addresses the problem of how to rule what he has now captured; decides to become king of the Macedonians and Persians alike

Mid-summr:

• Darius collects reinforcements in Bactria and Alexander pursues him
• Alexander catches up with Darius at Shahrud to discover that Bactrian rulers had killed Darius and fled.

The Asian Campaign is over.

Alexander makes a great sweep from Caspian Sea to the slopes of the Hindu Kush; he adopts Median dress and tries to introduce proskynesis to his court to the great dismay of his older Macedonian supporters

Alexander captures Bactria and Sogdiana and marries Roxane in a gesture of conciliation

• expedition to India which Alexander captures easily; after overrunning the Punjab the army refuses to go further and Alexander turns back
• during the return, Alexander kills Philotas, Parmenion, Cleitus "the Black," & Callisthenes because of real or supposed conspiracies

Back in Persia

• he marries a daughter of Darius in a group ceremony uniting officers and 9,000 hoplites with Persian brides
• executes several governors who had become tyrants in his absence

Back in Babylon

• last year of life beset with misgovernment and disloyalty among subordinates
• mutiny of the Macedonians and imminent war in Greece

June:

• gets a fever
• dies 10 days later, on 10 June 324